Process for rendering harmless the precipitates formed by hard water



=- Patented Mar. 14, 1933 smeary soaps of lime and magnesia,

um'rao STATES PATENT, orrlcr.

FERDINAND W2, 01'! ERANKFOBT-ON TH E-MAIN-FEGHENHEIM, GERMANY, ASSIGNOB TO GENERAL ANILINE WORKS INC., OF NEW YORK WARE N. Y., A CORPORATION OF DELA- imocnss F03 nnmmame mmimss run rnncirrrarns 1103111111: BY mum warm Ho Drawing. Application flled'April 6, 1928,

dyeing or otheror glutinous and when soaps are used. Furthermore numerous dyestuffs form insoluble compounds with the hardness-producing ingredients of the water easily separates inIwashing, wise treating textile goods,

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the U. S. Patent latter is ccording to my invention these inconveniences of the employment of hard water can be avoided by adding to hard water a derivative of an unsaturated fatty acid or an ester thereof, which contains at least one sulfonic acid group directly linked to a cartreating unsaturated fatty acids or esters thereof with sulfur trioxide advantageously in the form of fuming sulfuric acid. When unsaturated hydroxy fatty acids. or their esters are used as starting materials for the roduction of such sulfonic acid derivatives, it is necessary to raise the quantity of the molecule for each molecule of the hydroxy fatty acid used." Advantageously this sulfonating reaction is effected in the presence of a diluent, such also in the presence of lower fatty acids or their anhydrides' The products and .processes for their production are described in No. 1,796,801, dated March 17, 1931; i V

For the same purpose there are already recommended some fats and oils, especially of the type of monopol-'soap,-which a well known commercial soap introduced into industrial use in the year of 1907 as an important improvement of Turproducts key red oil and having been manufactured,

' oil are heated with30 parts of sulfuric acid for instance, as follows: 100 parts of castor of-66 B and after standing for some days to 100 parts of the sulfonation product parts of a caustic soda solution of 36 B are added. The mass is allowed to stand'for some hours and the formedsoap is isolated from the separated sodium sulfate and Such precipitatesare, for instance, carbonate of lime which These products are obtained by v as .trichloro ethylene, or

Serial at. 353,212, and. in Germany 11pm 17, was.

boiled, until a test portion solidifies to a elatinous. mass and shows the characteristics of a soap. But the action ofthese products is only. small and exists only in the special cases, of the precipitation of lime soaps. In comparison therewith the sulfonic acid derivatives of oils and fats, which are mentioned above, exhibit a peculiarly good action. Thus they keep dissolved also other insoluble limercompounds, such as carbonate and sulfate of lime.

In order to further illustrate my invention the following examples are given, the parts being by weight and temperatures in Centigrade degrees, but I wish to be understood that my invention is not limited to the examples given, nor .to the exact conditions stated therein.

Example 1 1000 partsof water containing 0.125 grs. calcium bicarbonate and 0.125 grs. calcium sulfate are heated to boiling with the addition of 2 parts of the produotprepared by the action of 90 to 110 parts of fuming sulfuric acid of 27% strength at about 0 on a mixture of 100 parts of castor oil with 30 to 40 parts of glacial acetic acid and 16 parts ofacetic acid anhydride. The water thus prepared remains clear, whereas the water without such admixture separates considerable quantities of carbonate of lime, or of soap of lime when monopol' soap is added.

Example 2 pared by acting at'about O5 C. with 200 I parts of fuming sulfuric acid containin' about 27 $0., on a mixture of 100 parts 0 castor oil and 125 parts of trichloroethylene and with lpart of soap of Marseille i. e. the known sodium soap prepared from olive oil dissolved in some hot water.

No soap of lime separates, only a light opalescence occurs not yielding any precipi tation, even whenstanding for several days.

In contradistinction therewith products of the type of monopol soap cannot prevent the precipitation of lime soap. A similar action is obtainedby substituting the sulfonated oil by that prepared according to Example 1 by starting from oleic acid, fuming sulfuric acid and trichloroethylene. Ewample 3 Example 4 10 parts of soap containing 60% of fat are dissolved'in 1000 parts of water of 30 German degrees of hardness. To this solution 10 parts of the product prepared by acting with a mixture of 40 parts of glacial acetic acid and of 100 parts of fuming sulfuric acid of strength on 100 parts of castor oil are added and the whole is diluted to 10000 parts by means of the above mentioned hard Water. A turbid solution re- 30 sults not containing evident precipitates,

Whereas without the addition of the sulfonated product a fiocculent precipitate of lime soap separates.

I claim:

l. A process which comprises adding to hard water a derivative of an unsaturated fatty acid compound, containin at least one sulfonic acid group directly lin ed to a carbon atom which is obtainable by acting with 40 fuming sulfuric acid on the unsaturated fatty acid compound.

2. A process which comprises adding to hard water a derivative of an unsaturated hydroXy fatty acid compound, containin at least one sulfonic acid group directly lin ed to a carbon atom which is obtainable by acting with fuming sulfuric acid on the unsaturated hydroxy fatty compound.

3. A process which comprises adding to hard water a derivative of castor oil, containing at least one sulfonic acid group directly linked to a carbon atom which is obtainable by acting with fuming sulfonic acid on the castor oil. a

. In testimony whereof, I afiix my signature.

FERDINAND MUNZ. 

